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HYPOTHESIS OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH
(FROM SHORT SPANISH VERSION)
HIPÓTESIS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LAS PIRÁMIDES VALLEY OF GIZA
(BRIEF)
Author / Author: Mr. Carlos E. Rodriguez Varona
coauthored / Co-author: René Téc Damaso Rodriguez Vives
LICENSE UNDER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No. 90-2003 OF CENDA, LA HABANA, CUBA.
Rights reserved under the CENDA Lic No. 90-2003
mail: crvcrv21@yahoo.com , crvcrv21 @ gmail. com
Ph. / Tel.: 274 247 (Camagüey, Cuba)
SUMMARY/SUMARIO:
THE FOLLOWING HYPOTHESIS PRETENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THE PROBABLY TECHNIQUE USED BY ANCIENT EGYPTIANS TO BUILD, SPECIALLY TO ELEVATE AND PLACE TO SOME HIGH, ALL THE CONSTRUCTIVE ELEMENTS THAT COMPOUNDS THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH VALLEY, IN SPECIAL THE CHEOPS PYRAMID. THEREFORE IT IS EXPOSED A THEORY THAT USES TWO TYPES OF RAMPS: THE FIRST ONES WHICH ARE PLACED INNER OF THE PYRAMIDS, BUILT-IN WITHIN THE BODY OF IT WHICH HAVE A STATIC CHARACTER; AND THE SECOND LITTLE ONES WHICH HAVE MUCH DIMENSIONS COMPARED WITH THE FIRST ONES, HAVING A DYNAMIC CHARACTER AND BOTH AT SAME TIME AND VARIABLE FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE, OR TRANSPORT TO BE EASILY MOVED FROM ONE SIDE TO COMPARED WITH OTHER BEFORE THE RAMPS, PLACE OVER THE STEPS OF THE LEVELS OF THE PYRAMID. BOTH HAVING A PARTICULAR RAMPS AND FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTY: A VERY SHORT ANGLE OF SLOPE, ALMOST NULL, OF 3.9 DEGREES OF INCLINATION.
This hypothesis aims to show the probable construction technique, specifically the elevation and location at a certain height, the building blocks that make up Egyptian pyramids of Giza Valley, specifically the pyramid of Cheops. It contains a theory that uses two types of ramps: the static character, located within the body of the pyramid, built with the body of it, and other smaller dynamic, located on the steps of levels, flexible and variable structure, easy to move and maneuver over previous. Featuring both a near-zero inclination angle on the slope.
Article / Section:
The goal of this investigation to treat Consists Probably to expose the Technique Used by the ancient Egyptians to build the pyramids, Mainly the Cheops pyramid, using ramps to elevate the constructive elements.
The aim of this paper is state the likely technique used to build the pyramid using ramps to raise the pieces.
These pieces are placed so interwoven, overlapping, so are subject - or bitten - by the mass that is firm and evenly distributed over permanently. This implies that use ramps to respond to this form of structure. References appear in the general foundations of the previous theories regarding the use of ramps.
This hypothesis has 4 features that are totally new concepts regarding the above hypotheses using ramps:
· The small size they have about the pyramids and tilt angle they have almost no respect to the horizontal plane of 3.9 degrees.
· The space where it develops this hypothesis are the steps and edges of the levels of the pyramid.
· The first type uses ramp ramps, platforms and supports that are placed on the steps that make up the levels, amount varies depending on the height and type of element rise.
· The second type uses small sections of the edges of the levels that increase in length and depth in the advanced level according to the construction of the ramp, commensurate with the size required to have the same.
The initial model building is performed using the following procedure: taking the approximate dimensions of the building blocks of the pyramid, using basic geometric shapes, a brief physical reasoning - mathematician and length measures common at the time , choosing a right angle to the slope that enables almost completely nullify the action of gravity; made a ramp that meets two basic conditions:
· Transforming work to raise the blocks to overcome the frictional force to overcome drag, and not the action of gravity on them.
· blocks Ability to move comfortably, safely and quickly, making it possible to perform complex maneuvers with minimal risk.
These two conditions, mandatory for the two types of ramps, are the theoretical assumption underlying this hypothesis.
the specific case of the model ramp pattern made to determine the angle of the slope, the measures used were - using the Bible as elbow length:
· initial height: 0.45 meters
· final height:
· length of ramp
· Width (optional):
By the right triangle theorem of Pythagoras, is determined the angle of inclination to take the slope, regulated in this way the desired result. At random: no specific procedures used to calculate it. The same is reflected in the annexes. The measures are chosen according to the need to raise objects up to a certain height and position. It can be seen how to design ramps of different lengths as above in the annexes. dimensions and inclination angle have ramps are greater than they really could have been avoided discussing issues associated with actual measurements. This also applies to the second type of ramp.
The first type has a complementary structural assembly comprises two horizontal platforms: the first aimed to locate the blocks, as an intermediate between the ramp and level off the same to be placed later on that level or elevate located alongside the other ramp, and the second as a support to hold the ramps and platforms that extend beyond the steps. Fundamental characteristic is the almost zero angle: 3.9 degree slope to the horizontal plane. The same is obtained from the dimensions of the model ramp pattern. This means working almost entirely horizontal surfaces.
obtained in this way is an effective way to lift objects of any size from one height to another, using a ramp system capable of varying their size quickly by using more than one level as a support to meet existing needs . This allows combine multiple sets in order to use them in combination to increase the elements in complicated sections. This appears as exemplified in the figures. This quality becomes very valid in the case of construction of the chambers and inner chambers, the highest levels of the pyramid, the finish of the faces and to correct flaws or details for the construction process.
filling process steps at the top, where they allegedly do not fit the length so the edges have reduced levels compared to the length you have ramps, is done vertically. That is, spaces are filled the lower levels where the ramp so that the filled sections correspond to the vertical plane of the same.
The first type is essential when designing the pyramid because of the quality that characterizes it: it is easy to move structure, although it is considerably the number of its component parts. This enables completely dismantled at any time of construction to relocate. Stop being a static object, allowing complex designs and given its broad possibilities to vary its size, fits easily into place, position and maneuver required during the construction process.
The second is to implement the above using a new variant: using ramps equal but larger dimensions, combined with the body of the pyramid . These ramps would be used on a large scale to perform the most work, used to transport the largest number of blocks and construction elements. The height is expressed by the number of occupied levels, which obey the demand to move more quickly on the job.
The length should be adjusted to keep the slope angle of 3.9 degrees since the aim is to overcome the force of friction and no gravity . Big long ramps are constructed using sections taken from the edges of the levels, close to the steps of the pyramid, but located on levels. Have long lengths compared to previous rate, initially close to 80 meters
sections edges levels - or corners, as the case - literally ramps are absorbed by the latter as they are built, or SIN G as a platform for ramp bear lower levels. As the pyramid becomes the way to up the pieces, without steps or platforms.
blocks are taken from certain sections of the edges of the levels to build the foundation of what will be the ramp. The amount taken horizontally at each level decreases as the ramp is built, because the length of it decreases as height increases. The direction of the ramp depends on the initial path taken.
volume occupied by the ramp itself is made up part of the slope only, that is, volume limited under section between the slope and the horizontal plane corresponds to the ramp itself. The remainder will be blocks of levels. The width of the ramp is equal to the number of blocks or steps, to allow carrying several items at one time or other larger scale. The ramp is built in to the interior of the pyramid as it progresses in the construction, through a route that interconnects them, keeping the slope of 3.9 degrees. Resembling a huge step side with a zig-zag into the pyramid. This allows you to move any parts that make up the pyramid, regardless of the size and / or mass to be held, to a certain height.
If there is need to change the sense of direction because it interposes an obstacle: a passage, a camera, a failure or accident, a corner, or other detail, determines whether it is necessary to change the effect, dimensions continuar sobre una cara u otras, o reemplazarlas por las del primer tipo, etc. , brindando un proceso bastante dinámico. Pero teniendo en cuenta que una vez construidas no es posible volver hacia atrás pues los bloques que componen el cuerpo de las rampas no se pueden quitar ya que forma parte de lo que ha sido construido.
El segundo tipo de rampa resulta de fusionar las del primer tipo repetidas varias veces una al lado de la otra en varios niveles; aprovechando como plataformas de soporte para los elementos constructivos y para las anteriores rampas, los bloques que se encuentran al final de las rampas montadas sucesivamente y los que quedan por debajo de las secciones tomadas en los bordes de los niveles, respectively. be used to build most of the pyramid. When it reaches a height where there is no space to install its dimensions are reduced. And when you can not further reduce the dimensions are replaced by those of the first type. This also includes the ability to combine, temporarily or not, the two types of ramps to overcome obstacles and implement specific construction techniques.
It is advantageous to devote a section or a fixed area of \u200b\u200bthe face to work with the ramps. This facilitates the design and planning work, as the sections used are easier to control, reserving the use of the remaining sections for possible problems or changes in design.
All this allows to draw up a model of the pyramid to determine how it will be built, where the ramps are placed and how they are used.
Upon reaching the top of the pyramid - which includes Pyramidone - used the first type of ramps and eventually filled the spaces used by the ramps of the second type. The latter operation is performed in descending order using the first type: the first type of ramps are used permanently in the final stage.
Planning rightly, it has a margin of error makes decisions or modifications necessary to overcome, allowing to run actions in line with the needs and possibilities.
This work tries to expose a concrete example that shows the exact procedure to build the pyramid, which will specify the use of two types of ramps, for ramp the two models presented here can be variants using dissimilar techniques used at any construction site employing ramps. It includes annexes relating to the final for this purpose: used as a guide to develop a specific and accurate construction process. The objective of this scenario is only to convey the technique, not the procedure.
bibliographical references /
I. Aldred, Cyril, Emergence of the Kings - gods. First flowering of ancient Egypt. / Piggott, Stuart, The Awakening of civilization. The enigma of the old cultures revealed, Ed Labour, SA Barcelona, \u200b\u200bSpain, 1963.
II. Digital Encyclopedia / digital Encarta Encyclopedia, 2000 Edition / 2000. Microsoft Corporation.
III. Moreux, T. (Abate), The mysterious science of the pharaohs , Ed Sabian, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1956.
IV. Pijoan, Joseph, Egyptian art to the Roman conquest / Summa Artis: Historia general art, Ed. Espasa - Calpe, SA, Vol III. Second edition, Madrid, Epana, 1945.
V. Web site / Website: Touregypt : http://www.touregypt.net/antiq.
VI. Web site / Website: Library of Congress of the United States : mailto: lcweb.loc.gov.
VII. Web site / Website: Zaragoza University Library: http://wzar.unizar.es
VIII. Stadelmann, Rainer, pyramids, colossal engineering , Rev. "The UNESCO
ANNEXES / ANNEXES
DATA TABLE FOR THE CALCULATION OF THE USE OF RAMPS (REGARDLESS OF THE TYPE)
Calculation for N-cubits high, the length of the ramp, with respect to the angle of the slope (3.9 degrees), taking into account the total height does not contain the A1 (0.45 meters):
Formula:
Length (D) = (height) / (cot (angle))
calculation to determine the height to which you can use the ramp:
Formula:
Height (A) = ((230.4 / 2) - (length ramp / 2)) / (146.6 / (230.4 / 2))
Table of results:
| Size: | Height (H): | Length (D): | height in the pyramid: | |||
| a codon | 0.45 | meters | 6.6008 | meters | 82.6697 | meters |
| second codon | 0.90 | meters | 13.2017 | meters | 80.2314 | meters |
| 3 Codó | 1.35 | meters | 19.8025 | meters | 77.7931 | meters |
| 4 Codó | 1.80 | meters | 26.4034 | meters | 75, 3548 | meters |
| 5 Codó | 2.25 | meters | 33.0042 | meters | 72.9165 | meters |
| 6 Codó | 2.70 | meters | 39.6050 | meters | 70.4782 | meters |
| 7 Codó | 3.15 | meters | 46.2059 | meters | 68.0399 | meters |
| 8 Codó | 3.60 | meters | 52.8067 | meters | 65.6016 | meters |
| 9 Codó | 4.05 | meters | 59.4075 | meters | 63.1633 | meters |
| 10 Codó | 4.50 | meters | | meters | 60.7250 | meters |
| 11 Codó | 4.95 | meters | 72.6092 | meters | 58.2867 | meters |
| 12 Codó | 5.40 | meters | 79.2101 | | 55.8484 | |
Note: The width of the ramp depends on the needs to transport objects, from a minimum width equal to twice that owns the object to be transported.
Parameter Estimates DE LA Ramp STANDARD
Calculations ramp | ||
| Parameters: | ||
| initial ramp height: A1: | 0.4500 | Meters |
| final de la chute Height: A2: | 2.7000 | Meters |
| Longitud de la chute: B: | 33.7500 | Meters |
| width of ramp L: | | Meters |
| | ||
| formula to find the angle of inclination: | ||
| Angle (ƒ) (ƒ) = Arcot (B / (A2-A1)) = 1/Arctan (B / (A2 -A1)); where: cot (ƒ) = (B / (A2-A1)) | ||
| cot (ƒ) = 1/tan (ƒ) = | 15.0000 | |
| (ƒ)= | 3,9054 | |
