international system based on the resolution of disputes, is developing half of the twentieth century. This meant on the one hand the triumph of capitalism, the West, with the east of communism. Were absolute and decisive political regimes and defining prefiguring profiles centered or geocentric space where two nation states meant the whole rest of the century.
"This structure of the international system was originally marked by the bellicose nature of the relationships between units. In the words of Tomassini was the will of the States - of an essentially amoral, and not the law or organizations which promote peace in the world which will ultimately prevail in the international system. "
the same premise being supported in previous centuries, it was found mixed with higher or lower rates in asymmetries always responded realistic thinking, where the concept of a hierarchical structure fully involves the imperancia of anarchy. , Currency in the international arena.
We, therefore, in the presence of processes of historical change whose magnitude and timing are affecting not only the dynamics, but also the deep structures of the modern global political economy. In this regard, it has identified a complex and multidimensional phenomenon as globalization, for its profound effects at the level of actors, structures and dynamics, [...] acting in the sense of causing a radical change in the nature of global society "(Arenal, in New Concepts. 2001: p. 36). Essentially
consider globalization as a multidimensional process that is rebuilding the global social relations across different spatial scales. However, a summary is not uniform, which creates unequal, and inequitable impact, "and whose event is differentially refracted in various areas of the world rankings in various universal. In this sense, the impact of globalizing dynamics is the result, and to this extent depends on the mediation that takes place within the framework of the respective local and national conditions.
In other words, global innovations are an outcome of the meeting of certain socio-spatial practices of trans-territorial status, both economic and political and cultural with previous practices enrolled in the national-territorial.
In particular, it is interesting to note that operating a spatial reorganization resulting in a new world political geoeconomics designed primarily by the practices of private financial corporations. All this is the formation of networks of production and marketing of goods and services, and financial systems, transnational. In short, have constituted a global economy that operates in a trans-territorial space and that "contains the old international economy within a new framework that builds on the territory of the States but not necessarily national in purpose, organization and benefit. "
Moreover, while these global economic activities are reflected in territories under the sovereign authority of the States, they have been involved in the implementation of regulatory frameworks that have been granted to freely move capital, production inputs, technology , and products across borders.
For this purpose oriented commercial negotiations in multilateral institutions like the World Trade Organization to move forward on many regulatory policies behind the border as part of a system of "access markets "(Cowhey / Aronson, The Economies relation. 1993, p. 124) that allows the operative cross border management of global capitalism. Also, the phenomenon of new regionalism "international", embodied in the proliferation of economic integration agreements is another institutional mechanism to ensure "market access" in a larger spatial scale.
"States have been key players in the development of these global processes, while being substantially modified in their organization and operation. In particular, participation in these international regimes monopolized by the central government has meant in fact a reduction of territorial powers distributed among subnational entities. In a special way in federal systems, therefore, alter the institutional balance established between the Federal and the federal units as they are constrained many of their powers by international agreements concluded exclusively by the argument that to be the subject of external relations. "
parallel, the logic of the global economy has come to reconfigure the territorial organization of national economic spaces through the uneven inclusion of territories in the emerging new global geo-economics.
In this regard, view becomes relevant to "globalization and glocalization understood as the phenomenon of local embedding of global so that, far from denying the territory, these activities are embodied in physical places, very specific in the territories national. However, this process induces a realignment in the relations between state, capital (both domestic and global) and regional sites of economic restructuring. "
This reorganization is operated between the different spatial scales so that we are witnessing a partial decentralization of the national economic space while geography global economic (re) provides the basis of a global mosaic of sub-regional economies.
endogenous variations within globalization, we consider the sub-regional actors, other than its involvement in foreign policy more subject to the priorities and objectives of central government, have been grouped under the notion of Para.
it means the involvement of subnational governments in international relations through the establishment of formal and informal contacts, permanent or ad-hoc, with public or private foreign entities with the aim of promoting socio-economic performance and political and any other external dimension of its own constitutional powers.
The thought of the rise of Para and the decline of state diplomacy and / or processing, which is a set of practices of transnational interaction partially overlap and complicate it the world political stage, being fickle exogenous. In this way, performance styles and strategies are marked by goals and motivations much more specific and limited.
The configuration of all social space, and sub-regions are no exception, is the product of a deliberate social construction and political by agents acting in the territory and that in this process, actors are regionalized.
These regions are an arena in which act and interact with a plurality of actors - political, economic and societal-referenced at different spatial scales-local, regional, national, supranational, global. For its part, in regard to social and political construction of "the region can be identified, synthesized, two predominant trends: which comes from the top down, with the central government as leading actor in the definition of regions, is known as regionalization. By contrast, when the construction strategy in the region, coming mainly from the bottom up, arising from the demands, the mobilization and organization.
this transcendence does not escape all these parrafazos has the constant prevailing in a society composed of individuals who demonstrate in front of the changes that take place. Adapt, and begin new models which are interwoven with intellectual expressions of different colors.
At the dawn of this century, clearly leans to the changing dynamic city, mostly trained and receptive to new information that the paradigm contains. In such a way that subtractive to the evolution of humanity in an effort to adapt much faster than in the earlier times. Thus nation-states are working to give their peers who are sub-national actors more involved. The policy that is representative in most states, has as a figure behind people who did not escape the reality of the turmoil that accompanied the new globalization or perhaps we could express towards globalization.
We are facing a stage where all the inhabitants of this cosmopolitan, bring together individuals concerned about issues that have always been topics of the agenda early history, but today are undoubtedly more connected and intercepted one another. Makes clear that the fate of the different moments cyclical history are new, with accessories that are self-generating and substance in a particular and interesting subject for analysis. Thus
and facing a political order that this reflects a circuit presumptuous villain, politics and economics behind the scenes with the men, trying in different sizes to be prominent on the podium in the international arena.
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